DINAMIKA MIGRASI MASSAL DARI MIDDLE AMERICA KE AMERIKA SERIKAT: ANALISIS FAKTOR PENDORONG, POLA MOBILITAS, DAN DAMPAK SOSIAL–EKONOMI KONTEMPORER
Keywords:
migrasi massal, Middle America, Amerika Serikat, mobilitas kontemporerAbstract
Migrasi massal dari Middle America menuju Amerika Serikat merupakan salah satu isu kontemporer yang paling signifikan dalam dinamika geopolitik dan sosial ekonomi kawasan Amerika. Fenomena ini didorong oleh kombinasi faktor pendorong seperti kemiskinan struktural, ketidakstabilan politik, kekerasan geng dan kartel narkoba, hingga perubahan iklim yang memengaruhi sumber penghidupan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor pendorong migrasi kontemporer, pola mobilitas yang berkembang dalam satu dekade terakhir, serta dampaknya terhadap kondisi sosial–ekonomi masyarakat di wilayah asal. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif berbasis studi literatur dari publikasi IOM, UNHCR, WFP, World Bank, serta artikel akademik terindeks. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa migrasi massal merupakan respons struktural terhadap krisis multidimensi yang terjadi secara simultan, sehingga memerlukan pendekatan kebijakan yang komprehensif dan lintas negara.
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