KEBIJAKAN WAR ON DRUGS DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KEJAHATAN TERORGANISIR TRANSNASIONAL SERTA KETAHANAN NEGARA DI AMERIKA SELATAN
Keywords:
Narkoba, Kokain, Kejahatan Terorganisir Transnasional, Ketahanan Negara, Amerika SelatanAbstract
Kebijakan War on Drugs muncul sebagai agenda global pada awal 1970-an, menempatkan narkotika sebagai ancaman utama terhadap keamanan negara dan stabilitas sosial, dengan dampak signifikan terhadap Amerika Selatan sebagai wilayah produsen dan transit utama kokain. Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi War on Drugs dan pengaruhnya terhadap kejahatan terorganisir transnasional serta ketahanan negara. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan pustaka naratif dan kritis dengan sintesis tematik terhadap jurnal akademik, buku, dan laporan internasional, termasuk data UNODC, untuk mengidentifikasi pola, strategi, dan konsekuensi kebijakan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan represif meningkatkan fragmentasi jaringan kriminal, eskalasi kekerasan, dan diversifikasi aktivitas ilegal, sementara negara menghadapi keterbatasan kapasitas institusi, infiltrasi korupsi, dan erosi legitimasi publik. Kesimpulannya, meski bertujuan memperkuat keamanan, pendekatan dominan koersif dapat melemahkan ketahanan negara. Strategi multidimensional yang seimbang antara penegakan hukum, pembangunan sosial, dan kesehatan publik diperlukan untuk efektivitas jangka panjang.
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