تطوير أداة تقويم القواعد النحوية في ضوء مدخل الاختبار التشخيصي بأربعة مستويات (Four Tier Diagnostic Test) لتحديد المفاهيم الخاطئة عند طلبة المرحلة الثانوية

Abstract

Misconceptions are one of the problems that often occur in the learning process. Misconceptions occur when students form incorrect or incomplete understandings of basic concepts, which can potentially hinder their learning process in the future.  This study aims to develop a four-tier diagnostic test instrument to identify students' misconceptions related to qawaid nahwiyah material at MTs Mu'allimin Mu'allimat Denanyar Jombang. The study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method based on Sugiyono's development model. The small-scale pilot test subjects were students in class IX A, while the large-scale pilot test involved students in classes IX B and IX C. Data collection techniques included tests, questionnaires, and interviews. The instrument consists of a test blueprint, instructions, test questions, answer keys, scoring guidelines, and result interpretation guidelines. The validation results by experts indicated that the developed instrument was valid. The reliability of the instrument reached a score of 0.860, indicating a very high level of consistency. Item analysis showed that the instrument consisted of 22 questions with moderate difficulty and 3 questions with high difficulty. Based on discriminative power, 3 items are categorized as excellent, 12 items are categorized as good, and 12 items are categorized as adequate. The misconception profile of students shows that there is 25% misconception in CDQ answers, 33% in CDQ reasons, and 25% in the combination of CDQ answers and reasons. The highest misconception was in analyzing errors in sentences at 49%, and the lowest misconception was in analyzing the position of a word (tarkib) in a sentence at 10.5%.